Canada is governed as a Parliamentary Democracy with the past the post system being what develops Government and membership of the House of Commons in the elections as well as how Provincial Parliaments and Provincial Governments being developed in local elections. This all came from England and how England developed the Westminster Parliament, with the Canadian Parliament being the second most important Parliament in influence when dealing with the old British Empire.
The Parliament Building in Ottawa's front with the Memorial Tower and the rear of the building with the Diamond shaped Library and its Buttresses
The Prime Minister or Premier Ministre of Canada is technically none existing on paper as it is in Great Britain with the Prime Minister of The United Kingdom, of which like it is with that Prime Minister or PM the Canadian Prime Minister leads a Cabinet of Ministers as its President and the whole bureaucracy of Canada is designed by the Cabinet of Ministers or Consiel du Gouvernment.
The Prime Minister selects those in the Cabinet of Ministers and then the Governor General appoints those members of the Council of Ministers, of which he or she who is Prime Minister is normally the Party Leader of that Political Party which holds majority in the Canadian Parliament. If a lack of popularity occurs with any individual in that Council of Government that person must resign, while when dealing with the Prime Minister if that person loses popularity and suffers a no confidence vote this individual has to call for new elections or resign.
As it is with the British Prime Minister or the Israeli Prime Minister and the Australian Prime Minister as well as the New Zealander Prime Minister and the Taoseach of The Republic of Ireland including the Prime Minister of India and the Prime Minister of Singapore, the Prime Minister of Canada has authority of negotiating and signing treaties and making Visits to foreign nations as well as Addressing the U.N. This special position is also just as it is with that entrusted in the Chancellor of The Federal Republic of Germany and the Prime Minister of Japan, as well as the Spaniard President and Austrian Chancellor and both the Italian and Greek as well as Hungarian Prime Ministers and the Prime Minister of The Netherlands including those Prime Ministers of Sweden and Denmark as well as Norway and Iceland.
The Prime Minister of Canada is not The Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces, but all day to day functions of the Armed Forces are the PM's responsibility as well as the responsibility of the Minister of Defense.
The Foreign Minister has full responsibility of developing negotiations for Canada with foreign nations, and especially those between Canada and both The United States of America and México and relations between Canada and The United Kingdom as well as Japan and China including South Korea and India besides France and both The Federal Republic of Germany and The Russian Federation. This one individual is also responsible for maintaining good relations with both the overall EU and The State of Israel as well as most Arab nations as well as Iran, when the same is with various South American nations. This is especially when dealing with Brazil and Argentina as well as Colombia and both Peru and Chile as well as Ecuador, including Venezuela and both Paraguay and Uruguay, while Canada has huge connections with The Caribbean and especially Cuba and Haiti as well as The Dominican Republic and both Jamaica and Barbados as well as both Trinidad and Tobago and Grenada including The Bahamas. Canada has huge relations with Panama and Nicaragua as well as Guatemala and Costa Rica including both El Salvador and Honduras as well as Belize, while it also has relations with various African nations such as South Africa and both Nigeria and Senegal including Kenya and Ethiopia alongside Zimbabwe and Angola.
The Cabinet includes the Minister of Interior and Minister of Education as well as the Minister of Transportation and the Minister of Public Health, while in dealing with those responsible for financial and economic development they are also in the Cabinet.
The Prime Minister selects those in the Cabinet of Ministers and then the Governor General appoints those members of the Council of Ministers, of which he or she who is Prime Minister is normally the Party Leader of that Political Party which holds majority in the Canadian Parliament. If a lack of popularity occurs with any individual in that Council of Government that person must resign, while when dealing with the Prime Minister if that person loses popularity and suffers a no confidence vote this individual has to call for new elections or resign.
As it is with the British Prime Minister or the Israeli Prime Minister and the Australian Prime Minister as well as the New Zealander Prime Minister and the Taoseach of The Republic of Ireland including the Prime Minister of India and the Prime Minister of Singapore, the Prime Minister of Canada has authority of negotiating and signing treaties and making Visits to foreign nations as well as Addressing the U.N. This special position is also just as it is with that entrusted in the Chancellor of The Federal Republic of Germany and the Prime Minister of Japan, as well as the Spaniard President and Austrian Chancellor and both the Italian and Greek as well as Hungarian Prime Ministers and the Prime Minister of The Netherlands including those Prime Ministers of Sweden and Denmark as well as Norway and Iceland.
The Prime Minister of Canada is not The Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces, but all day to day functions of the Armed Forces are the PM's responsibility as well as the responsibility of the Minister of Defense.
The Foreign Minister has full responsibility of developing negotiations for Canada with foreign nations, and especially those between Canada and both The United States of America and México and relations between Canada and The United Kingdom as well as Japan and China including South Korea and India besides France and both The Federal Republic of Germany and The Russian Federation. This one individual is also responsible for maintaining good relations with both the overall EU and The State of Israel as well as most Arab nations as well as Iran, when the same is with various South American nations. This is especially when dealing with Brazil and Argentina as well as Colombia and both Peru and Chile as well as Ecuador, including Venezuela and both Paraguay and Uruguay, while Canada has huge connections with The Caribbean and especially Cuba and Haiti as well as The Dominican Republic and both Jamaica and Barbados as well as both Trinidad and Tobago and Grenada including The Bahamas. Canada has huge relations with Panama and Nicaragua as well as Guatemala and Costa Rica including both El Salvador and Honduras as well as Belize, while it also has relations with various African nations such as South Africa and both Nigeria and Senegal including Kenya and Ethiopia alongside Zimbabwe and Angola.
The Cabinet includes the Minister of Interior and Minister of Education as well as the Minister of Transportation and the Minister of Public Health, while in dealing with those responsible for financial and economic development they are also in the Cabinet.
The Langevin Block. Offices of the Prime Minister
The Canadian House of Commons or Chambre des Communes is elected by the voters of Canada by district as according to Province and Territory which is via a system of proportional representation, of which this is for a term that lasts anywhere from four years to 30 days.
A Law that is to be created in that Parliament is introduced by the Prime Minister personally or by certain members of the Majority or Lawyers of the Opposition, and then it has to be debated in committees and then on the floor before it can come to a vote. Once voted if it passes it goes to the Senate or Senat du Canada which will give it a review and a final vote but it can deny that bill and send it back to the House, in which that bill then goes to the Governor General or Gouverneur Général for a final signature.
On Paper the Canadian Parliament exists only with the House of Commons and the Senate functioning with just the Governor General as it is with the Westminster Parliament only working directly with the Queen or King and how the Australian and New Zealander as well as Jamaican and Bahamian including the Barbadian and Belizean Parliaments deal only directly with their Governor Generals. That is for as mentioned before the Prime Minister is not mentioned on Paper, for while the whole Government is mentioned as the Queen or King's Government by tradition the PM is only the Minister of Exchequer.
A Law that is to be created in that Parliament is introduced by the Prime Minister personally or by certain members of the Majority or Lawyers of the Opposition, and then it has to be debated in committees and then on the floor before it can come to a vote. Once voted if it passes it goes to the Senate or Senat du Canada which will give it a review and a final vote but it can deny that bill and send it back to the House, in which that bill then goes to the Governor General or Gouverneur Général for a final signature.
On Paper the Canadian Parliament exists only with the House of Commons and the Senate functioning with just the Governor General as it is with the Westminster Parliament only working directly with the Queen or King and how the Australian and New Zealander as well as Jamaican and Bahamian including the Barbadian and Belizean Parliaments deal only directly with their Governor Generals. That is for as mentioned before the Prime Minister is not mentioned on Paper, for while the whole Government is mentioned as the Queen or King's Government by tradition the PM is only the Minister of Exchequer.
The beauty of the Senate and the beauty of the House of Commons
The nation is made out of 10 Provinces and three Territories, of which the Provinces are those of both Québec and Ontario as well as all of the four Maritime Provinces and all of the three Prairie Provinces as well as British Columbia. Québec and Ontario were created out of the old Colonies of Upper and Lower Canada, of which from 1840 to 1867 they were united as the United Province of Canada. The first Provinces that created the Federal Union that is Canada were Nova Scotia and New Brunswick besides Canada as a United Province. Prince Edward Island joined in a year’s time and in 1870 the land of British Columbia was to join the Federal Union, when as for Manitoba it originally joined in 1870 and expanded until it reached its current settings.
The Maritime Provinces are those lands that are New Brunswick and Nova Scotia plus Prince Edward Island including that which is Newfoundland & Labrador, which are the island of Newfoundland and the coastline of the Labrador Peninsula with the Labrador Sea which were both a Royal Crown Colony of Great Britain until 1949 when it voted to join Canada.
The three Prairie Provinces are the present territory that makes up the Province of Manitoba and the Province of Saskatchewan as well as the Province of Alberta., of which it is to mention the fact that Alberta was named in honor of Princess Louis Caroline Alberta who was the fourth daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Of course the Saskatchewan is what gave the Province of Saskatchewan its name and Manitoba is the Province that is the home to both lakes of Lake Winnipeg and Lake Manitoba as well as all that is Riding Mountain National Park.
British Columbia is the Province that includes Vancouver Island and the Queen Charlotte Islands and it is also the Province that dominates all that is Canada’s Pacific Coastline, in which the Ottawa River is on that border that divides Québec and Ontario as Provinces.
Québec is the largest Province in Canada while it is also the largest State or Province in all North America as it is larger than both Alaska and Texas combined, of which as for Ontario it is Canada’s second largest Province as well as it being the third largest State or Province in the North American Continent.
The three Territories are Yukon and the remaining lands of Northwest Territories as well as all that is Nunavut, with Nunavut being a the youngest territory in any part of North America, of which Nunavut is a Federal Territory that was created out of the overwhelming majority of Northwest Territories which originally covered all that are the Arctic Islands as a region. This territory is 100 per cent populated by the Inuit or Eskimo, making it is the only such territory in North America with a population that is 100 per cent Aborigine. The symbol of those who are Inuit has always been a setting of stone slabs set in a design which is called an Inuksuk or Land Marker, besides the Igloo.
The Maritime Provinces are those lands that are New Brunswick and Nova Scotia plus Prince Edward Island including that which is Newfoundland & Labrador, which are the island of Newfoundland and the coastline of the Labrador Peninsula with the Labrador Sea which were both a Royal Crown Colony of Great Britain until 1949 when it voted to join Canada.
The three Prairie Provinces are the present territory that makes up the Province of Manitoba and the Province of Saskatchewan as well as the Province of Alberta., of which it is to mention the fact that Alberta was named in honor of Princess Louis Caroline Alberta who was the fourth daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Of course the Saskatchewan is what gave the Province of Saskatchewan its name and Manitoba is the Province that is the home to both lakes of Lake Winnipeg and Lake Manitoba as well as all that is Riding Mountain National Park.
British Columbia is the Province that includes Vancouver Island and the Queen Charlotte Islands and it is also the Province that dominates all that is Canada’s Pacific Coastline, in which the Ottawa River is on that border that divides Québec and Ontario as Provinces.
Québec is the largest Province in Canada while it is also the largest State or Province in all North America as it is larger than both Alaska and Texas combined, of which as for Ontario it is Canada’s second largest Province as well as it being the third largest State or Province in the North American Continent.
The three Territories are Yukon and the remaining lands of Northwest Territories as well as all that is Nunavut, with Nunavut being a the youngest territory in any part of North America, of which Nunavut is a Federal Territory that was created out of the overwhelming majority of Northwest Territories which originally covered all that are the Arctic Islands as a region. This territory is 100 per cent populated by the Inuit or Eskimo, making it is the only such territory in North America with a population that is 100 per cent Aborigine. The symbol of those who are Inuit has always been a setting of stone slabs set in a design which is called an Inuksuk or Land Marker, besides the Igloo.
Two Maps of Canada's Provinces and Territories in both official languages
The Provinces are led by unicameral Legislative Assembly or Assemblée Législative which is directly elected by the people when as for the terms they also last for anywhere from four years to 30 days, and the local bureaucracies of each Province are led by Cabinets that are led by Premiers but in Québec however the Premier is called a Prime Minister. It is also in Québec that the Legislative Assembly is called the National Assembly, and its Speaker is called the President of the Assembly. Within each Province a Lieutenant Governor or Leutenant Gouverneur represents the Queen or King of Canada, of which as for the Lieutenant Governor as an individual that person is appointed by the Governor General and this is always upon recommendation of that Provinces’ individual Premier.
In the three Territories the local Premiers lead Cabinets that are organized by the members of the local Legislative Assemblies, and as for the Commissioners or Commissiares they are the Representatives of him or her who is Governor General. They are directly appointed by the Cabinet member who is by title of “The Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development” or ministre des Affaires indiennes et du Nord Canadien, of which the only Premier in all Canada who is a First Nation’s son or daughter is he or she who is the Premier of Nunavut.
In the three Territories the local Premiers lead Cabinets that are organized by the members of the local Legislative Assemblies, and as for the Commissioners or Commissiares they are the Representatives of him or her who is Governor General. They are directly appointed by the Cabinet member who is by title of “The Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development” or ministre des Affaires indiennes et du Nord Canadien, of which the only Premier in all Canada who is a First Nation’s son or daughter is he or she who is the Premier of Nunavut.
The Alberta Legislative Building in Edmonton
The Parliament Buildings of British Columbia in Victoria
The Parliaments of Ontario and Québec in Toronto and Ville de Quebec
The Province of Québec was the only Province that refused to ratify the Constitution and until 2006 the Province always threatened an act of succession, but in 2006 Québec was recognized as a Nation within Canada as it was when Nunavut was created.
The Flag of the Province which is a White Cross with White fleurs-de-lils in each of the four Blue Quarters
The Provinces of Canada are divided into County Regional Municipalities or Counsels Municipaux besides one tier Municipalities or Cities which are in what are Census Geographical Units, of which these divisions were created in the 1980s after what was the old County system of certain Province's was abandoned. Those Governments of these County Regional Municipalities or one tier Municipalities or Cities are elected Councils that act as Parliaments, of which the Executive Council of each one of these political divisions act as Cabinets and the Executive Councils are led by Presidents who are of the title of Mayor. In Canada the title of Alderman would normally exist for a member of a Council of a Council Regional Municipality, with the members of these Council being called Councillors. Les municipalités régionales de comté are the Regional Communities in Québec and these are huge territories in the Province that cover more than one Municipality.
Boroughs like those in New York City and Metropolitan London make up those divisions in the most important Municipalities and Regions of the Province of Québec, of which as for those voters of each individual Borough of this Province’s County Regional Municipalities popularly elect each one of those Councils to office. In all other major and minor cities in Canada one sees Wards existing, with Councillors being elected by a Ward, in which Regions can have more than one Municipality and each led individually.
In British Columbia the subdivisions are Regional Districts and Cities as well as Municipalities, with the Mayor and City Council being the common design of leadership in Local Government in the Province and that is due to the Province having so many rural areas despite it being the third most populated Province of Canada.
Boroughs like those in New York City and Metropolitan London make up those divisions in the most important Municipalities and Regions of the Province of Québec, of which as for those voters of each individual Borough of this Province’s County Regional Municipalities popularly elect each one of those Councils to office. In all other major and minor cities in Canada one sees Wards existing, with Councillors being elected by a Ward, in which Regions can have more than one Municipality and each led individually.
In British Columbia the subdivisions are Regional Districts and Cities as well as Municipalities, with the Mayor and City Council being the common design of leadership in Local Government in the Province and that is due to the Province having so many rural areas despite it being the third most populated Province of Canada.
Philip's Square in Toronto is home to both the old and new Town Halls
Hôtel de Ville du Montréal
Canada has a Judicial System that is organized by the Supreme Court of Canada that is appointed for life, with the Chief Justice and 8 Associate Judges in which the local Courts are led by actual Superior Courts when in dealing with Canada’s individual Courts they all have Judges who are directly appointed of which this is all by him or her who is Prime Minister and not the Governor General.
In Canada the Common Law system of Mother England is used while in Québec the French Judicial System or Code de Napoléon is used, in which the most important Criminal Court in any Province that makes up Canada as a Federal Union is The Supreme Court in some and The Superior Court in others, of which in each Province the highest Court is the Court of Appeals, and all appeals which are higher than the Court of Appeals of any Province are to be heard by the Supreme Court of Canaada. Lawyers and Prosecutors in Canada as well as the Judges in Canada all wear Robes like they do in Britain, although they do not wear Whigs of which as for this type of tradition it also occurs in Québec although the French Judicial System is used in Québec.
It is to mention that more women are on the Canadian Supreme Court of today than the United States Supreme Court, with the Supreme Court of Canada always meeting in Ottawa and for a long time in a building that is modern although designed to look old.
In Canada the Common Law system of Mother England is used while in Québec the French Judicial System or Code de Napoléon is used, in which the most important Criminal Court in any Province that makes up Canada as a Federal Union is The Supreme Court in some and The Superior Court in others, of which in each Province the highest Court is the Court of Appeals, and all appeals which are higher than the Court of Appeals of any Province are to be heard by the Supreme Court of Canaada. Lawyers and Prosecutors in Canada as well as the Judges in Canada all wear Robes like they do in Britain, although they do not wear Whigs of which as for this type of tradition it also occurs in Québec although the French Judicial System is used in Québec.
It is to mention that more women are on the Canadian Supreme Court of today than the United States Supreme Court, with the Supreme Court of Canada always meeting in Ottawa and for a long time in a building that is modern although designed to look old.
The Home of the Supreme Court of Canada
Canada is as a nation defended by a Royal Army and a Royal Navy as well as a Royal Air Force, with Canada having its Queen or King as its Commander in Chief of Armed Forces even though because of the Queen or King not living in Canada him or hers Governor General serves that purpose.
Since 1968 the military has been united as the Canadian Armed Forces or les Forces armées canadienes with the Canadian Armed Forces being made out of divisions, and they are the Royal Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Navy as well as the Royal Canadian Air Force. In French they are la Armée Canadienne and la Marine Royale Canadienne as well as la Aviacion Royale Canadienne.
In Canada there is no established Draft so Canada has a volunteer military like it is the United States of America in dealing with its military, of which as for the U.N the Canadian Armed Forces are an original founding father of the U.N Security Forces and the U.N’s founding moments were with those pre 1968 Canadian Armed Forces when they served in The Korean War.
Since 1991 the Canadian Armed Forces have been active in Bosnia and Afghanistan but over those years since 1991 many Canadians are weary of a Prime Minister calling on the Governor General to deploy troops to any location, in which this is over so many U.N Peacekeeping Forces being slaughtered in places where they are to keep the peace in.
Canada was a founding father of N.A.T.O, and as it is with Great Britain many forces from Canada have served in many operations within Europe in the name of Peacekeeping, but sadly like it is with the U.N and Canada, so many are weary to send troops to N.A.T.O’s aid.
The refusal of Canada sending troops to Iraq in 2003 caused many troubles in between Canada and the United States of America as well as Great Britain, but today relations in between Canada and The United States of America have improved.
Since 1968 the military has been united as the Canadian Armed Forces or les Forces armées canadienes with the Canadian Armed Forces being made out of divisions, and they are the Royal Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Navy as well as the Royal Canadian Air Force. In French they are la Armée Canadienne and la Marine Royale Canadienne as well as la Aviacion Royale Canadienne.
In Canada there is no established Draft so Canada has a volunteer military like it is the United States of America in dealing with its military, of which as for the U.N the Canadian Armed Forces are an original founding father of the U.N Security Forces and the U.N’s founding moments were with those pre 1968 Canadian Armed Forces when they served in The Korean War.
Since 1991 the Canadian Armed Forces have been active in Bosnia and Afghanistan but over those years since 1991 many Canadians are weary of a Prime Minister calling on the Governor General to deploy troops to any location, in which this is over so many U.N Peacekeeping Forces being slaughtered in places where they are to keep the peace in.
Canada was a founding father of N.A.T.O, and as it is with Great Britain many forces from Canada have served in many operations within Europe in the name of Peacekeeping, but sadly like it is with the U.N and Canada, so many are weary to send troops to N.A.T.O’s aid.
The refusal of Canada sending troops to Iraq in 2003 caused many troubles in between Canada and the United States of America as well as Great Britain, but today relations in between Canada and The United States of America have improved.
Emblem of the Canadian Armed Forces
Emblems of the Royal Canadian Army and Royal Canadian Navy as well as Royal Canadian Air Force
Images of the Royal Canadian Army and Air Force
Ships of the Royal Canadian Navy
Although it is not part of the Canadian Armed Forces the Royal Canadian Mounted Police is the gendarme that patrols and serves all Canada in Law and Order’s name and in French the name is La Gendarmerie Royale du Canada, of which the Red Coat Uniforms and Brown Hats as well as Brown Pants of the “Mounties” are universally recognized.
Ontario and Québec as well as Newfoundland & Labrador each have their own Police Forces, with Ontario having the Ontario Provincial Police and la Sûreté du Québec {Quebec Provincial Police} and the Royaal Newfoundland Constabulary. Certain Council Regional Municipalities contract Police Forces to enforce Law and Order and especially when dealing with Winnipeg and Edmonton as well as Calgary and Vancouver including Regina and Saskatoon Saskatchewan. .
Ontario and Québec as well as Newfoundland & Labrador each have their own Police Forces, with Ontario having the Ontario Provincial Police and la Sûreté du Québec {Quebec Provincial Police} and the Royaal Newfoundland Constabulary. Certain Council Regional Municipalities contract Police Forces to enforce Law and Order and especially when dealing with Winnipeg and Edmonton as well as Calgary and Vancouver including Regina and Saskatoon Saskatchewan. .
Shield of the RCMP
Mounties on Horseback in front of the Flag
Shield of the Ontario Provincial Police or OPP and an OPP Squad Car
Shield of la Sûreté du Québec or SDQ and an SDQ Squad Car
Badges of the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary or RNC
