Canada is a nation that was created on July 1st of 1867 as a Federation" of British Royal Crown Colonies that would be governed as a Federation of Provinces, with those Colonies being the United Provence of Canada which was made out of Lower Canada and Upper Canada and the Colonies of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. The Province of Canada was divided into Ontario and Québec when in time the Colonies of Prince Edward Island and British Columbia as well as Manitoba joined the "Federation" that was created on July 1st of 1867. That "Federation" was created by the Parliament that met in Charlottetown on that which is Prince Edwatd Island, with that Parliament developing what would become the first ever Dominion of the British Crown. The Colonies would later on include Alberta and Saskatchewan when eventually the Territories of Yukon and Northwest Territories were created, while as for Newfoundland and Labrador they joined the Confederation in 1949 as the last Colonies to join. In 1999 Nunavut was created as North America's last Province or State or Territory to had been created in the 20th century, of which it was totally created out of land legally awarded to aboriginal North Americans.
The term of Confederation is that of within Union while Canada is a Federation, with the idea of a Federation being thought of as like that of The United States but in reality it is that of a more Switzerland for each Provence is separate and sovereign beneath the Crown but united within Parliament.
The term of Confederation is that of within Union while Canada is a Federation, with the idea of a Federation being thought of as like that of The United States but in reality it is that of a more Switzerland for each Provence is separate and sovereign beneath the Crown but united within Parliament.
Maps of Canada's Provinces in both French and English
The "Federation" was for generations none guided by a Constitution for in time the "Federation" passed Parliamentary Acts that would guide the system of the bureaucracy both Federal and Provincial as well as Territorial of which the "Federation" has Provinces and not States. These Parliamentary Acts also set the guidelines for the Prime Minister {who only exists in function and not on paper} as well as both chambers of Parliament and he or she who is Regent {once called Viceroy} of the British Sovereign, with that Regent being the Governor General. In Canada there is a Privy Council that meets in Ottawa, and is constantly in connection with the King or Queen even if that is far away in Westminster Greater London or Edinburgh Scotland. This is now possible rapidly because of the Internet and Cell Phones, when for so long it took some time for communications if not weeks in the many decades since July 1st 1867.
When Queen Victoria accepted Canada as a "Federation" she became Queen of Canada and Edward the Seventh as well as George the Fifth and both Edward the Eighth and George the Sixth were Kings of Canada while Elizabeth the Second was to become the second Queen of Canada, in which if Charles is to become King he will be King of Canada or William will be that next King of Canada. When William Duke of Cambridge does take the Throne he will become William the Fifth, with Kate becoming Queen Catharine like Elizabeth Bowles-Lyon became Queen Elizabeth when George the Sixth took the Throne. People must remember that because of Edward the Eighth {David as he was called by his family} being involved with Wallace Simpson and him having to abdicate his brother Albert {Bertie as he was commonly called} had to become King, making Princess Elizabeth next in line and her becoming Queen in 1952 when George the Sixth sadly died of Cancer. As George the Sixth was his great grandfather, his having to become King is what will allow William to take the Throne once duty calls, and when that occurs he and Kate will be very welcomed by all Canadians as it was with George the Sixth and Queen Elizabeth. Obviously this will be in such respect for the memory of Diana Princess of Wales who was William's mother and the Fairy Tale Cinderella who was to had become Queen if she and Charles did not divorce, but instead became an Immortal Legend because of her love and dedication to World Peace and Humanity besides her beauty as well as Independent character.
Four times now a Woman has been allowed to hold the position of Governor General, with these women being Jeanne Sauve and Adrienne Clarkson as well as Michaëlle Jean and Julie Payette in which Sauve and Payette were both born in Québec as a province and are native French speaking and of French Canadian origin when Clarkson was Asian in origin and Jean was born in Haiti in which obviously she was Black.
The Governor General's official Residence is Rideau Hall in Ottawa when the Governor General also has a residence in Ville de Quebec's Le Citadelle which is the oldest Fortress still in use in North America as a Military Installation, making Ville de Quebec the second Royal Capitol for Canada even though only the Governor General is there.
The Governor General is annointed by the King or Queen and normally it is for five years with only a few occasions since Sauve was in the office has a Governor General been re-annointed to a second term, of which the King or Queen will annoint a candidate as Governor General upon recommendation of the Prime Minister of Canada.
The Governor General is the official Chief Executive of Canada and has the final say in all military action as he or she is Commander in Chief of The Armed Forces, when the Governor General also appoints the Prime Minister and all the Cabinet. The Governor General also appoints all who are Lieutenant Governors of the Provinces of Canada, with that being upon the recommendations of the local Premier of a Provence. It is also to mention that the Governor General appoints all members of the Supreme Court of Canada and the Privy Council of Canada to office as well as all members of the Canadian Parliament's Upper House which is the Senate, for like Britain's House of Lords this Upper House is none elected. The Governor General greets all visitors to Canada directly or indirectly by posters or messages, and the Governor General has the responsibility of signing a bill as Law in the Crown's name. Like it is with the King or Queen the Governor General can not veto a bill, for the Governor General can not interfere with political issues in how Canada is governed as a "Federation."
It was in 1982 that Elizabeth the Second came to Ottawa and signed in the presence of then Prime Minister Pierre Elliot Trudeau a partially written Constitution for Canada as a "Federation" beneath her reign, with the legal name of The Dominion of Canada being no longer and Canada now having literally full sovereignty from Westminster minus its having the Sovereign as Queen of King of Canada. Full political and economic as well as military independence was already granted by the Charter of Westminster, which gave such freedoms to all Dominions of the Empire. That was back in 1931 and when India was The Indian Empire, with these same freedoms being given to India although it was still brutally dominated by the British Army and local institutions as well as the local Princes until independence finally came.
This Constitution however has been challenged on many occasions because of the Province of Québec demanding total autonomy from the rest of Canada or independence, but in the 21st century the Provence has found itself to finally gain a place in equal say in political leadership in Canada's day to day governance under the Constitution. The same is with the three Prairie Provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan as well as Manitoba including Newfoundland & Labrador as a Province and the First Nations of Canada, especially with that which was Nunavut's creation. Sadly, many in Québec as a Province still dream of autonomy or independence but so many more are willing to fight for rights within the Law and in the Canadian Parliament via elections and negotiations that constantly occur.
The Constitution has a Charter of Rights and Freedoms that guarantees all Rights and Freedoms under the Law, with this being Canada's answer to the Bill of Rights and it being what makes this Constitution so unique. In Canada there has never been a State Religion as the Anglican and Presbyterian Churches were never official let alone the Roman Catholic Church, with Freedom of Religion being 100 per cent guaranteed. In Canada the development of Freedom of The Press and Freedom of Expression and Public Protest and Assembly was always known, but the Charter of Rights and Freedoms made it permanent although in certain cases a Press Gag Order can be issued and felt all over the "Federation."
The Privy Council advises the Governor General and serves as a Court of Appeal, of which a Privy Council exists in each nation of the modern Commonwealth of Nations that has the Queen or King as Sovereign such as Australia and New Zealand including Jamaica and The Bahamas as well as Grenada and Barbados alongside Antigua and Saint Kitts & Nevis with one having to of course mention Bermuda.
When Queen Victoria accepted Canada as a "Federation" she became Queen of Canada and Edward the Seventh as well as George the Fifth and both Edward the Eighth and George the Sixth were Kings of Canada while Elizabeth the Second was to become the second Queen of Canada, in which if Charles is to become King he will be King of Canada or William will be that next King of Canada. When William Duke of Cambridge does take the Throne he will become William the Fifth, with Kate becoming Queen Catharine like Elizabeth Bowles-Lyon became Queen Elizabeth when George the Sixth took the Throne. People must remember that because of Edward the Eighth {David as he was called by his family} being involved with Wallace Simpson and him having to abdicate his brother Albert {Bertie as he was commonly called} had to become King, making Princess Elizabeth next in line and her becoming Queen in 1952 when George the Sixth sadly died of Cancer. As George the Sixth was his great grandfather, his having to become King is what will allow William to take the Throne once duty calls, and when that occurs he and Kate will be very welcomed by all Canadians as it was with George the Sixth and Queen Elizabeth. Obviously this will be in such respect for the memory of Diana Princess of Wales who was William's mother and the Fairy Tale Cinderella who was to had become Queen if she and Charles did not divorce, but instead became an Immortal Legend because of her love and dedication to World Peace and Humanity besides her beauty as well as Independent character.
Four times now a Woman has been allowed to hold the position of Governor General, with these women being Jeanne Sauve and Adrienne Clarkson as well as Michaëlle Jean and Julie Payette in which Sauve and Payette were both born in Québec as a province and are native French speaking and of French Canadian origin when Clarkson was Asian in origin and Jean was born in Haiti in which obviously she was Black.
The Governor General's official Residence is Rideau Hall in Ottawa when the Governor General also has a residence in Ville de Quebec's Le Citadelle which is the oldest Fortress still in use in North America as a Military Installation, making Ville de Quebec the second Royal Capitol for Canada even though only the Governor General is there.
The Governor General is annointed by the King or Queen and normally it is for five years with only a few occasions since Sauve was in the office has a Governor General been re-annointed to a second term, of which the King or Queen will annoint a candidate as Governor General upon recommendation of the Prime Minister of Canada.
The Governor General is the official Chief Executive of Canada and has the final say in all military action as he or she is Commander in Chief of The Armed Forces, when the Governor General also appoints the Prime Minister and all the Cabinet. The Governor General also appoints all who are Lieutenant Governors of the Provinces of Canada, with that being upon the recommendations of the local Premier of a Provence. It is also to mention that the Governor General appoints all members of the Supreme Court of Canada and the Privy Council of Canada to office as well as all members of the Canadian Parliament's Upper House which is the Senate, for like Britain's House of Lords this Upper House is none elected. The Governor General greets all visitors to Canada directly or indirectly by posters or messages, and the Governor General has the responsibility of signing a bill as Law in the Crown's name. Like it is with the King or Queen the Governor General can not veto a bill, for the Governor General can not interfere with political issues in how Canada is governed as a "Federation."
It was in 1982 that Elizabeth the Second came to Ottawa and signed in the presence of then Prime Minister Pierre Elliot Trudeau a partially written Constitution for Canada as a "Federation" beneath her reign, with the legal name of The Dominion of Canada being no longer and Canada now having literally full sovereignty from Westminster minus its having the Sovereign as Queen of King of Canada. Full political and economic as well as military independence was already granted by the Charter of Westminster, which gave such freedoms to all Dominions of the Empire. That was back in 1931 and when India was The Indian Empire, with these same freedoms being given to India although it was still brutally dominated by the British Army and local institutions as well as the local Princes until independence finally came.
This Constitution however has been challenged on many occasions because of the Province of Québec demanding total autonomy from the rest of Canada or independence, but in the 21st century the Provence has found itself to finally gain a place in equal say in political leadership in Canada's day to day governance under the Constitution. The same is with the three Prairie Provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan as well as Manitoba including Newfoundland & Labrador as a Province and the First Nations of Canada, especially with that which was Nunavut's creation. Sadly, many in Québec as a Province still dream of autonomy or independence but so many more are willing to fight for rights within the Law and in the Canadian Parliament via elections and negotiations that constantly occur.
The Constitution has a Charter of Rights and Freedoms that guarantees all Rights and Freedoms under the Law, with this being Canada's answer to the Bill of Rights and it being what makes this Constitution so unique. In Canada there has never been a State Religion as the Anglican and Presbyterian Churches were never official let alone the Roman Catholic Church, with Freedom of Religion being 100 per cent guaranteed. In Canada the development of Freedom of The Press and Freedom of Expression and Public Protest and Assembly was always known, but the Charter of Rights and Freedoms made it permanent although in certain cases a Press Gag Order can be issued and felt all over the "Federation."
The Privy Council advises the Governor General and serves as a Court of Appeal, of which a Privy Council exists in each nation of the modern Commonwealth of Nations that has the Queen or King as Sovereign such as Australia and New Zealand including Jamaica and The Bahamas as well as Grenada and Barbados alongside Antigua and Saint Kitts & Nevis with one having to of course mention Bermuda.
The Constitution and Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Rideau Hall in Ottawa is the Residence of the Governor General
The Canadian Parliament is made out of the Senate as the Upper House which is annointed for terms up to a Senators 70th birthday, and it functions as the House of Lords with the Governor General addressing Parliament in its annually opening ceremony from the Throne in the Senate Chamber. The Lower House is the elected House of Commons which is elected in a past the post setting via the regeitered voters of Canada per district in each Province and Territory as according to population, with the Government being selected from members of the Majority in the House and that Majorities leader is to be Prime Minister. However, a Prime Minister elect must ask the Governor General if he or she wants that person who is Prime Minister elect to form a Government and then that person is appointed Prime Minister and then must select all Cabinet members and submit them to the office of the Governor General for a legal appointment to office. The Speaker is the one who keeps order in the House of Commons which like it is in Mother England it is always noisy, of which in tradition both chambers are divided between the Majority Members and Opposition Lawyers by a length of two swards.
The Beauty of the Parliament Building in Ottawa
The Senate Chamber and the Throne
The House of Commons
The main doorway of the House of Commons
Thee Constitution states that Canada has two official languages and they are English and French, with the English spoken in Canada being Americanese but with terms and settings that are traditionally English or Scotts when the French spoken in Canada is a dialect based on the French of Louis Quatorze Le Roi de Soleil and Cardinal de Richieleu united with certain Iriquois terms in slang besides some Anglo slang. Canada became bilingual in 1968 after the election of Pierre Elliot Trudeau as Prime Minister, with sessions of Parliament needing to be with one in English and one in French and debates needing to be one in English and one in French while addresses to the nation by the Governor General and the Prime Minister must be one in English and then in French. Press Conferences by the Prime Minister or members of Parliament must also be first in English and then in French, when in dealing with Provincial Parliaments and Governments they can have either English or French as official languages. In fact most Provinces have English as the official language when only in Québec is the official language French, when in New Brunswick both French and English are official.
Before 1968 there was no welcome for French speakers in Parliament or The Courts but finally the Bilingualism of Canada after 1968 allowed such unification under Language, with that connecting the nation in so many areas.
Before 1968 there was no welcome for French speakers in Parliament or The Courts but finally the Bilingualism of Canada after 1968 allowed such unification under Language, with that connecting the nation in so many areas.
Greeting Sign in both languages. All official signs by Federal issue are bilingual
Canada has one of the most simple Flags ever drafted with it being the Maple Leaf Flag, in which the colors of the Flag are Red and White, of which it is to mention that this Flag is in the exact settings of the French Flag. However, it is not a Tri Colour Flag like those Flags that are those of México as well as both Italy and Ireland including Romania besides France for like the Peruvian Flag it is of Red and White, and it has the Maple Leaf in Red in the middle surrounded by White instead of the Coat of Arms for Peru's Coat of Arms is in the middle of the Peruvian Flag.
Canada has a Coat of Arms that is one of the most spectacular in all the British Commonwealth of Nations with it being topped by a Crown honoring the British Monarchy, with the same Crown being on top of the head of a Golden Lion and a Red Maple Leaf being held by that Lion. The Coat of Arms show a royal helmet which is a barred helm of gold looking outward, with mantling of white and red stylized to look like maple leaves while supporting the shield on either side are the English lion and Scottish unicorn.
The English lion stands on the viewer's left and holds a gold-pointed silver lance flying the Union Jack when the Scottish unicorn has a gold horn and a gold mane as well as gold hooves, and around his neck is a gold chained coronet of both crosses and fleurs-de-lis when the Scottish unicorn holds a lance flying the three gold fleurs-de-lis of royal France on a blue background.
The motto of Canada is in Latin a mari usque ad mare (From sea to sea) which is a part of Psalm72:8, and this phrase was suggested by Joseph Pope who was the then Under Secretary of State when the Arms were redesigned in 1921. The plants below the motto are a Tudor rose and a Lily plus a Shamrock and a Thistle of which the Tudor rose honors England and the Lily honors the French Kings while the Shamrock honors Ireland and the Thistle honors Scotland and Lorraine, and as for the ribbon around the Shield it is marked desiderantes meliorem patriam, meaning "desiring a better country” in Latin
The shield in the Coat of Arms is divided into five sections and the first division at the viewer's top left contains the three golden Lions that have been a symbol of England since the reign of Richard the Lionheart when that second quarter bears the red lion rampart of Scotland in a double tressure border with fleurs-de-lis. This setting has been used as a symbol of Scotland since the reign of William the Lion who reigned from 1165 to 1214, who is honored as one of the greatest Scotts who ever lived.
The third quarter shows the Irish Harp of Tara and the fourth quarter is filled by the gold fleurs-de-lis of royal France which was and always will be the first post-medieval European emblem raised in Canada, of which it was raised by he who was Jacques Cartier during his historical landing at Gaspésie. In dealing with the fifth quarter one will find in it a sprig of red maple leaves in front of a White field, and this is a distinctly Canadian symbol that became gradually identified with the country throughout the 19th and 20th centuries because of the Maple Leaf being so common all over Canada.
Canada has a Coat of Arms that is one of the most spectacular in all the British Commonwealth of Nations with it being topped by a Crown honoring the British Monarchy, with the same Crown being on top of the head of a Golden Lion and a Red Maple Leaf being held by that Lion. The Coat of Arms show a royal helmet which is a barred helm of gold looking outward, with mantling of white and red stylized to look like maple leaves while supporting the shield on either side are the English lion and Scottish unicorn.
The English lion stands on the viewer's left and holds a gold-pointed silver lance flying the Union Jack when the Scottish unicorn has a gold horn and a gold mane as well as gold hooves, and around his neck is a gold chained coronet of both crosses and fleurs-de-lis when the Scottish unicorn holds a lance flying the three gold fleurs-de-lis of royal France on a blue background.
The motto of Canada is in Latin a mari usque ad mare (From sea to sea) which is a part of Psalm72:8, and this phrase was suggested by Joseph Pope who was the then Under Secretary of State when the Arms were redesigned in 1921. The plants below the motto are a Tudor rose and a Lily plus a Shamrock and a Thistle of which the Tudor rose honors England and the Lily honors the French Kings while the Shamrock honors Ireland and the Thistle honors Scotland and Lorraine, and as for the ribbon around the Shield it is marked desiderantes meliorem patriam, meaning "desiring a better country” in Latin
The shield in the Coat of Arms is divided into five sections and the first division at the viewer's top left contains the three golden Lions that have been a symbol of England since the reign of Richard the Lionheart when that second quarter bears the red lion rampart of Scotland in a double tressure border with fleurs-de-lis. This setting has been used as a symbol of Scotland since the reign of William the Lion who reigned from 1165 to 1214, who is honored as one of the greatest Scotts who ever lived.
The third quarter shows the Irish Harp of Tara and the fourth quarter is filled by the gold fleurs-de-lis of royal France which was and always will be the first post-medieval European emblem raised in Canada, of which it was raised by he who was Jacques Cartier during his historical landing at Gaspésie. In dealing with the fifth quarter one will find in it a sprig of red maple leaves in front of a White field, and this is a distinctly Canadian symbol that became gradually identified with the country throughout the 19th and 20th centuries because of the Maple Leaf being so common all over Canada.
The Canadian Flag and Coat of Arms
Canada is a nation whose National Anthem is well known, and O Canada was created as a replacement of God Save The Queen or King which was the only National Anthem of Canada until O Canada was adopted in 1980 even though God Save The Queen or King is still the Royal Anthem.
O Canada. The National Anthem
Canada has as a true symbol of Law and Order and Public Service the Mountie or Mounted Police Officer of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police or RCMP, whose Red and Black Uniforms and Black Pants alongside their Leather Hats and Black Leather Riding Gloves including their Leather Belts and Strapped side Bags as well as Leather Boots are a true and great symbol.
A Woman Mountie and Male Mountie
Canada has several National Holidays with the most important being Canada Day which before 1982 was called Dominion Day and that is July 1st when Remembrance Day in the day when Canadians remember those who died in the First and Second World Wars and Korea including any of the U.N Police Missions that Canada has been involved since the Armistice that ended the Korean War. Armistice Day is normally on November 11th, which was the Date of the Armistice that ended which was The War To End All Wars which occurred from 1914 to 1919. Canadians honor those who fell on Flanders Fields on Remembrance Day, as it was there that more Canadians fell in battle in one day. Victoria Day is the day that Canadians remember Queen Victoria, as it is with Australians and New Zealanders as well as people all over The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. This is especially special for Canadians, for she was the one who recognized the United Province of Canada and on July 1st of 1867 she recognized the Dominion of Canada as a Union of Royal Crown Colonies as a Realm outside of Britain and Ireland as well as India.
Christmas and Easter are very special in Canada and especially with the English and German as well as Ukraynian and French as well as Italian traditions of Easter and Christmas, when recently Poncettas have become popular because of the many Immigrants from México who have come over the past 30 years. Holi and Diwali are celebrated in huge festivals developed by the Hindu communities of Canada, when Jewish Holidays are also celebrated and especially Rosh Hashanna and Yom Kippur as well as Chaunnakha and Purim. Ramadan is celebrated within Canada's Muslim communities and various Chinese festivals occur in the many Chinese communities of Canada with that being especially in Vancouver, beginning with Chinese New Year. Korean and Japanese as well as Vietnamese celebrations too occur, with the same being with celebrations such as Saint Jean Baptiste in Ville de Quebec and Montréal where a Saint is honored. The Winter Carnival is also a true Celebration of Culture and Expression for Ville de Quebec, when the Calgary Stampede is a celebration in Calgary Alberta that honors the Pioneer Days of Alberta.
Christmas and Easter are very special in Canada and especially with the English and German as well as Ukraynian and French as well as Italian traditions of Easter and Christmas, when recently Poncettas have become popular because of the many Immigrants from México who have come over the past 30 years. Holi and Diwali are celebrated in huge festivals developed by the Hindu communities of Canada, when Jewish Holidays are also celebrated and especially Rosh Hashanna and Yom Kippur as well as Chaunnakha and Purim. Ramadan is celebrated within Canada's Muslim communities and various Chinese festivals occur in the many Chinese communities of Canada with that being especially in Vancouver, beginning with Chinese New Year. Korean and Japanese as well as Vietnamese celebrations too occur, with the same being with celebrations such as Saint Jean Baptiste in Ville de Quebec and Montréal where a Saint is honored. The Winter Carnival is also a true Celebration of Culture and Expression for Ville de Quebec, when the Calgary Stampede is a celebration in Calgary Alberta that honors the Pioneer Days of Alberta.